Cloud Infrastructure and Network Topologies: Service Models, Deployment Models, and Network Structures

Abstract

As cloud computing continues to evolve, understanding its core elements—service models, deployment types, and network structures—becomes essential for efficient and scalable implementations. This paper examines the three primary service models of Cloud Computing Infrastructure, Platform-asa-Service (PaaS), and Software-as-a-Service (SaaS)—highlighting their distinct roles and advantages for consumers. Deployment models are also explored, covering public, private, community, and hybrid clouds, each offering varied benefits in cost, security, and scalability. Network topology, a crucial factor for cloud performance, is discussed in detail, including hierarchical models like the three-tier, Fat-tree, and VL2 structures. These topologies address unique challenges such as bandwidth oversubscription, robustness, scalability, and load balancing. Although hierarchical models provide straightforward deployment and manageability, issues with load balancing and scalability arise at larger scales. This paper provides insights into designing effective cloud infrastructure that meets the needs of diverse applications and supports future growth in cloud environments.